Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women followed

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women followed by cervical cancer; with about more than 55% of breast cancer related deaths occur in the developing world. The incidence of this disease is increasing in both industrialized and developing countries [3]. Considerable progress has been made in treating breast cancer through surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy [4]. However, those carcinomas that do not express the estrogen remain generally resistant to therapy. Almost all cases of cervical cancer were from persistent infection with one of about 15 genotypes of carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) [5]. Cases are often detected at late stages due to non-existent or inadequate screening, and the standard treatment options are often absent or unaffordable. Colon cancer is cancer of the large intestine. Most cases of colon cancer begin as small, noncancerous (benign) clumps of mk-801 called adenomatous polyps and over time, some of these polyps become colon cancers. Meanwhile liver cancer is one of the major causes of malignancy-related deaths worldwide, and its incidence is on the rise. Typical treatment approaches to liver and colon cancer include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and transplantation but cure rates are not satisfactory [6]. To date, many anticancer drugs have been developed and applied by clinical doctors but recently, resistance to anticancer drugs was discovered; therefore, there is a need to develop new anticancer agents with minimum side effects. Leucaena leucocephala hybrid-Rendang, which is known as the ‘miracle tree’ available in large quantities and abundant resources as well underutilize in Malaysia. This tree is a thornless tree which may grow up to 18m and has a wide variety of uses, especially as a protein supplement for animals [7]. In Malaysia, a Leucaena hybrid, L. leucocephala hybrid-Rendang, which was produced from crossing L. leucocephala and Leucaena diversifolia[8], was found to have high condensed tannin content and low digestibility [9]. Condensed tannins (CTs), also known as proanthocyanidins, are polymers of 2–50 (or more) flavonoid units that are joined by carbon-carbon bonds, which are not susceptible to being cleaved by hydrolysis and most CTs are water soluble [10]. Condensed tannins health benefits extend far beyond their antioxidant properties and also anti-inflammatory [11], anti-asthmatic [12], anticancer [13], anti-viral, anti-carcinogenic, anti-allergy, antimicrobial, antihypertension and cardiovascular system-protective [14]. Condensed tannins help wounds heal, reduce the pain from pancreatitis, reduce insulin resistance in diabetics, help protect from drug toxicity and also can help lower the levels of low-density lipoproteins, or the “bad” cholesterol. Antioxidants also decrease the oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL), which may lead to the buildup of plaque on the walls of arteries. Most of the previous study was done on reduction of methane and volatile fatty acid production in rumen digestion system using condensed tannins extract from L. leucocephala[15,16]. Thus, this study was conducted due to unexplored of condensed tannins from L. leucocephala on antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The principal objective of the current exposition was therefore, to utilize and investigate the biological activities of CTs extract from L. leucocephala hybrid-Rendang including antioxidant using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), DPPH radical scavenging assay and ABTS radical scavenging assay, antimicrobial against Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter anitratus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Aspergillus niger and cytotoxic activities toward human breast adenocarcinoma (Mcf-7), human colon carcinoma (HT29), human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines whereas purity of the compound were confirmed by 13C NMR spectroscopy. These preliminary investigations will provide scientific rationale to use CTs from L. leucocephala as an alternative therapy for various inflammatory associated diseases.