A complete excision followed by radiotherapy at a dose of

A complete excision followed by radiotherapy at a dose of 55–65 Gy is generally the standard treatment guideline. For advanced ENBs, cisplatin-based chemotherapy is recommended as the concomitant treatment, either before or during radiotherapy. The recommended chemotherapy regimen includes the following drugs: cisplatin (60 mg/m2, Day 4), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 600 mg/m2, given over 24 hours for 5 days, Days 1–5), methotrexate (30 mg/m2, Day 1), and leucovorin (20 mg/m2, Days 1–5). Both local recurrence and distant buy Quinacrine Dihydrochloride remain the major complications in the treatment of ONB because they may occur several years after surgery alone. Therefore, the primary treatment is extremely critical. For advanced ENBs, a multimodal strategy of treatment involving surgery with postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy is Site-specifix recombination recommended. This approach is often successful for recurrent disease and results in prolonged survival. Therefore, a prolonged follow up is suitable for an appropriate identification and treatment. No standardized protocol currently exists because various follow-up regimens have been advocated. Rimmer et al recommended a lifelong follow up with both clinical examination and MRI scanning every 4 months for the first 2 years, every 6 months for the next 3 years, and then every 9 months thereafter.
Funding/support This research was supported in part by grants TCRD-TPE-103-44 and TCRD-TPE-103-RT-7 from the Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation.