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    • br Discussion The present study explored that the effect

    2022-01-24


    Discussion The present study explored that the effect of the MTP gene −493G/T polymorphism on the risk of hepatic steatosis in Turkish patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection. Some researchers revealed that the MTP gene −493G/T polymorphism was associated with hepatic steatosis in CHC infection which is especially genotype-3 HCV infection (Mirandola et al., 2009; Magri et al., 2017; Zampino et al., 2008). Moreover, these researchers also investigated the relation between the MTP -493G/T polymorphism and HCV genotype non-3 which was composed of genotype 1, 2, 4 and 5. However, they didn't investigate the association of MTP –493G/T polymorphism with just HCV genotype-1 (Mirandola et al., 2009; Magri et al., 2017; Zampino et al., 2008). Only one study investigated the association of MTP gene −493G/T polymorphism with the 93 patients infected with HCV genotype 1-related hepatic steatosis (Siqueira et al., 2012). That's why, in the current study, the MTP -493G/T polymorphism was selected as the candidate polymorphism due to its crucial role in HCV-related hepatic steatosis, and this study was performed to clarify the association of this polymorphism with HCV genotype 1. In this study, the overall allele frequencies of MTP –493G/T polymorphism were found 74% and 26% for G and T alleles, respectively. According to the previous results, the frequencies of G and T perhexiline among the populations were distributed as 67.8% and 32.2% in Brazilian, 75% and 25% in Swedish, 76.3% and 23.7% in Japanese, 70.6% and 29.4% in Italians, 74.5% and 25.5% in French, 75% and 25% in Spanish, respectively (Magri et al., 2017; Karpe et al., 1998; Namikawa et al., 2004; Zampino et al., 2008; Bernard et al., 2000; García-García et al., 2005). Additionally, European HapMap Cohort study reported that G and T allele frequencies were in 76% and 24% for European population which has sample size 18,446 persons (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/snp/rs1800591). The allele distributions reported in the populations are in agreement with results of the current study. In the present study, although the allele and genotypes of this polymorphism increased the risk of HCV-related hepatic steatosis, there were no statistically significant correlations in all genetic models. It was reported that the GG and GT genotypes of MTP polymorphism were associated with severe steatosis in type II diabetes and NASH (Bernard et al., 2000; Namikawa et al., 2004), but in the HCV infection, especially HCV genotype 3, patients carrying T allele had an increased risk of hepatic steatosis (Mirandola et al., 2009; Magri et al., 2017; Siqueira et al., 2012; Zampino et al., 2008). Moreover, the some of these researchers reported that T allele of this polymorphism was associated with severe steatosis in the total HCV cohort or in HCV genotype non-3 which was composed of genotype 1, 2, 4 and 5 (Mirandola et al., 2009; Siqueira et al., 2012). Conversely, the some studies reported that no association was found between hepatic steatosis and this polymorphism in the total HCV cohort or in HCV genotype non-3 which was composed of genotype 1, 2, 4 and 5 (Zampino et al., 2008; Magri et al., 2017; Petit et al., 2006). The current study was performed in the patients infected only with HCV genotype 1. There is only one study to compare with the results of current study. In that study, Siqueira et al. (2012) reported that there wasn't an association of MTP gene −493G/T polymorphism with the 93 patients infected with HCV genotype-1, but in total HCV cohort (93 HCV genotype 1 and 45 HCV genotype non-1) this polymorphism was associated with hepatic steatosis. This finding on HCV genotype 1 is consistent with the result of the current study. It should be noted that the group of HCV genotype non-3 used in other studies, except for Siqueira et al. (2012), consisted of mixed HCV genotypes. Therefore, it is not an accurate to compare with result of the current study. The present study analyzed whether there is a difference between the two groups in terms of biochemistry parameters. The patients with steatosis had higher triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL levels than the patients with non-steatosis. Contrary to the results of the present study, Siqueira et al. (2012) reported that total cholesterol and LDL levels had lower in steatosis group than those in non-steatosis group in the patients with HCV genotype 1. Moreover, Magri et al. (2017) showed that in the total HCV cohort, total cholesterol and LDL levels had lower in steatosis group. Furthermore, Mirandola et al. (2006) revealed that while the steatosis group with HCV genotype 3 had lower total cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels than those in non-steatosis group with HCV genotype 3, whereas in the patients with HCV genotype non-3, lipid parameters didn't differ.