• ER stress was monitored by both an increase of the

  2020-06-30

  

  ER stress was monitored by both an increase of the ER chaperone (GRP78, GRP94) and the activation of the ER resident caspase-12. ER stress response (also known as the unfolded protein response) is a defense mechanism against various cellular stresses which causes accumulation of unfolded proteins in

• We first confirmed LPS induction of

  2020-06-30

  

  We first confirmed LPS-induction of markers known to induce NF-κB signaling in Caco2BB cells, as established for numerous other cell types [31]. We initially selected this approach to monitor NF-κB activation instead of directly monitoring p65 as it is technically straightforward and provides both u

• br Genes involved in oxysterol metabolism

  2020-06-30

  

  Genes involved in oxysterol metabolism The main enzymes that participate in the metabolism of oxysterols generally belong into one of two groups: transferases or oxidoreductases [22]. The following chapter describes those genes of oxysterol metabolism whose polymorphisms have been associated with

• Protein deubiquitination is becoming increasingly

  2020-06-30

  

  Protein deubiquitination is becoming increasingly instrumental in understanding the complexities of the Ub system. Adding to this complexity is the discovery of bacterial effectors with DUB activity that have structurally adapted themselves to interfere with the eukaryotic Ub system (Pruneda et al.,

• In the cytoplasm the ternary CRM cargo RanGTP

  2020-06-30

  

  In the cytoplasm, the ternary CRM1–cargo–RanGTP complex is disassembled by the action of Ran-binding proteins RanBP1/2 and RanGAP. A recent kinetic study showed that the Ran-binding domains (RanBDs) of the cytoplasmic proteins RanBP1 and RanBP2, but not RanGAP, accelerate dissociation of NES from CR

• Beside the previously reported Topo I

  2020-06-30

  

  Beside the previously reported Topo I inhibition, time and concentration dependent CRM1 inhibitory properties of klavuzon derivatives have been shown as a second mechanism of action in this work. Especially, compounds 3 and 20 are the most effective derivatives and they completely inhibit CRM1 activ

• In summary we hypothesize that targeting the A R

  2020-06-29

  

  In summary, we hypothesize that targeting the A1R–D1R heterotetramer with heteromer-selective drugs might improve safety and efficacy of the pharmacological therapy for RLS and other motor diseases, resulting in fewer side effects than classical drugs developed for targeting monomeric A1R or D1R.

• Another important issue in biosensors is to design

  2020-06-29

  

  Another important issue in biosensors is to design a simple and potable detection strategy to meet the requirement of the point-of-care (POC) test applications. According to the recent research, by using invertase learn this here now for hydrolyzing sucrose into glucose, the range of personal glucom

• The physiological role of the UCNs in

  2020-06-29

  

  The physiological role of the UCNs in the regulation of the HPA axis is still under debate (Fekete and Zorrilla, 2007, Suda et al., 2004). UCN 1 was proved to increase the plasma ACTH and corticosterone levels in rats (Bagosi et al., 2014, Vaughan et al., 1995), whereas UCN 2 and UCN 3 were shown to

• CRF and urocortin I are

  2020-06-29

  

  CRF and urocortin I are not only readily found throughout the spinal cord (Korosi et al., 2007), CRF analogs are clearly able to alter nociceptive signals (Imbe et al., 2010; Lariviere and Melzack, 2000). However, it was unclear whether they are released endogenously and involved in the spinal modul

• Then the mechanisms responsible for BPA

  2020-06-29

  

  Then the mechanisms responsible for BPA induced up regulation of ERRγ were further investigated. Recent studies indicated that Akt and MPAK can modulate the protein levels and transcriptional activities of ERRγ (Heckler et al., 2014, Sun et al., 2014). Previous studies also indicated that BPA can a

• Our results demonstrate that pt PGE

  2020-06-29

  

  Our results demonstrate that 17-pt-PGE2 - in addition to its described effects on EP1 and EP3 receptors - also acts as an EP4 agonist and thereby enhances vascular barrier function. Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study we demonstrate that the purported EP1/EP3 receptor ag

• br Advent of SMEPT br SMEPT for localized synthesis of

  2020-06-29

  

  Advent of SMEPT SMEPT for localized synthesis of nitric oxide Critical evaluation and outlook Examples discussed in this review present SMEPT as a methodology for localized drug synthesis – a unique opportunity for site specific therapeutic interventions using implantable biomaterials. This

• A key inciting event in

  2020-06-29

  

  A key inciting event in atherosclerosis is the deposition of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the subendothelial space of major arteries. In the subendothelium, native LDL is no longer protected by circulating antioxidants and is oxidatively modified to oxidized LDL (OxLDL) [5]. OxLDL is

• Historically covalent drugs have had great

  2020-06-29

  

  Historically, covalent drugs have had great success (e.g., aspirin and penicillin), and covalent drugs have become a focus in anticancer and antiviral drug discovery (Kalgutkar and Dalvie, 2012, Singh et al., 2011). These compounds contain low reactivity warheads that allow covalent adducts to form

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