• Activated MAP kinases transform the stimulus

  2025-01-23

  

  Activated MAP kinases transform the stimulus into the pathophysiological responses by phosphorylating downstream substrates, including transcription factors, cytoskeletal proteins involved in mRNA translation (Li et al., 2015). Among the numerous effectors that intervene in the TNF-α action is an ac

• Among steroid saponins ginsenosides are the active component

  2025-01-23

  

  Among steroid saponins, ginsenosides are the active components of ginseng, a well-known chinese medicinal plant. More than hundreds of different ginsenosides have been isolated from ginseng and have shown in the past to be membrane active substances and to influence the membrane by modulating lipid

• br Regulation of BCAA catabolism The BCAA catabolic

  2025-01-23

  

  Regulation of BCAA catabolism The BCAA catabolic system is equipped in mammalian cells to dispose of excess BCAAs, presumably resulting in relatively stable concentrations of BCAAs in blood and tissues in humans. The main BCAA catabolic pathway is localized in the mitochondria of all tissues. The

• Despite functional studies demonstrating the role of HT in

  2025-01-22

  

  Despite functional studies demonstrating the role of 5-HT in ureteral contractility, the source of endogenous 5-HT in the ureter is unclear. Since 5-HT-containing enterochromaffin cells, which are present in the gastrointestinal tract, could not be found in the ureter (Nocito et al., 2007, Ripoche,

• Multiple ASD susceptibility genes converge on cellular pathw

  2025-01-22

  

  Multiple ASD susceptibility genes converge on cellular pathways that intersect at the postsynaptic site of glutamatergic synapses (Bourgeron, 2015; Peca & Feng, 2012), the development and maturation of synaptic contacts (Gilman et al., 2011) or synaptic transmission (Li et al., 2014). The majority o

• Several studies have recently used optogenetics

  2025-01-22

  

  Several studies have recently used optogenetics to selectively activate various cholinergic neurons (Jiang et al., 2014). However, most do not explicitly report direct release of GABA from cholinergic fibers, with the exception of our two studies described above (Saunders et al., 2015a, Saunders et 

• br Acknowledgements DHA was funded by a research grant from

  2025-01-22

  

  Acknowledgements DHA was funded by a research grant from Viamet and IMB and DHA were/are consultants for Viamet/Innocrin. DHA also supported by NIH P51-OD011106. Introduction Congenital adrenal hyperplasia resulting from 17alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase deficiency (17OHD) is a rare autosom

• Autotaxin has been linked to chemoresistance through its abi

  2025-01-22

  

  Autotaxin has been linked to chemoresistance through its ability to inhibit apoptosis induced by paclitaxel in breast cancer keap1 nrf2 [15] and LPA can inhibit cell death induced by cisplatin [40]. Autotaxin was included in the present study because it was identified as being over-expressed in pat

• AP activation is known to upregulate downstream target genes

  2025-01-22

  

  AP-1 activation is known to upregulate downstream target genes including leuprolide acetate D1, c-myc, Bcl-xl, MMP-9, EGFR, and specific miRNAs that are involved in progression and metastasis of tumors. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase-2 has been shown as a downstream gene of AP-1, triggered by 15

• Another contributor for the G M arrest

  2025-01-22

  

  Another contributor for the G2/M arrest in A549 and H1299 cells might be p21WAF1/CIP1 which was up-regulated upon ovatodiolide treatment. p21WAF1/CIP1 is a common CDKs inhibitor which blocks Gap19 G2/M phase progression in various types of cancer cells (Kim et al., 2015, Liberio et al., 2015). It ha

• Here the so called alkali assay is proposed

  2025-01-22

  

  Here the so-called alkali assay [18] is proposed as a method to be applied directly on the purified recombinant enzyme sharing the same structural and functional features of the wild-type enzyme [19], [20], [21] using its physiological substrate androstenedione. The assay that was already successful

• Most of lipid lowering agents have

  2025-01-22

  

  Most of lipid-lowering agents have many therapeutic problems with severe side effects, while dietary fibers as lipid lowering therapy are safer. Chitosan (CS) is a dietary fiber biodegradable, biocompatible and has many health benefits including wound healing, antiinflammatory, anti-cancers, immune-

• br Steroidogenesis in the skin The synthesis of

  2025-01-21

  

  Steroidogenesis in the skin The synthesis of steroid hormones takes place in many tissues of which the adrenal glands, ovaries, testis, placenta and TMC125 are considered to be classical steroidogenic organs. Nevertheless, skin constitutes an important peripheral steroidogenic tissue. Steroidogen

• br Results and discussion br Conclusion

  2025-01-21

  

  Results and discussion Conclusion The tyrosine kinase ALK represents one of the most successful molecular targets for the development of precise medicine to treat stratified subgroups of cancer patients. Three generations of ALK inhibitors have been awarded the FDA's approval or are being exte

• In the previous study we demonstrated the importance of the

  2025-01-21

  

  In the previous study, we demonstrated the importance of the mPFC postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor in the sustained antidepressant effects, because a sustained antidepressant effect was obtained with intra-mPFC injection, but not systemic injection of 8-OH-DPAT, a 5-HT1A receptor agonist (Fukumoto et al

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